5.4.73
बहुव्रीहौ संख्येये डजबहुगणात्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix डाच् comes after a बहुव्रीहि समास denoting numeral except when the last term of such समास is बहु and गण.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context बहुव्रीहौ saptamī · ekavacanaRight context संख्येये saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term डच् prathamā · ekavacanaLeft context अबहुगणात् pañcamī · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
बहुव्रीहौ संख्येये डच् अबहुगणात्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix डाच् comes after a बहुव्रीहि समास denoting numeral except when the last term of such समास is बहु and गण।
This Bahuvrihi is formed by rule 2.2.25. Thus उपदशाः, उपविंशाः, उपत्रिंशाः, आसप्तदशाः, अदूरदशाः, अधिकदशाः, द्वित्राः, पंचधाः, पंचदशाः ॥
Why do we say 'denoting a numeral'? Observe चित्रगुः, शबलगुः ॥ Why do we say 'not after bahu and gana'? Observe, उपबहवः, उपगणाः ॥ The difference here is in the accent for had डच् been added, it would have made the final of उपगण acute, but it not being so, the first member retains its accent, namely acute on the first.
Vart:- The Tatpurusha compouds of numerals like निस्त्रिंश &c, take also the affix डच् ॥ Thus निर्गतानि त्रिंशतः = निस्त्रिंशानि वर्षाणि देवदत्तस्य 'Devadatta is more than thirty years old' ॥ निर्गतस्त्रिंशतांगुलिभ्य = निस्त्रिंशः खड्गः 'the sword is more than thirty fingers long'.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.