5.4.46 अतिग्रहाव्यथनक्षेपेष्वकर्तरि तृतीयायाः

Word by word (padaccheda)

Right context अतिग्रह- अव्यथन- क्षेपेषु saptamī · bahuvacanaRight context अकर्तरि saptamī · ekavacanaLeft context तृतीयायाः pañcamī · ekavacana

Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.

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Full reading

अतिग्रह-अव्यथन-क्षेपेषु अकर्तरि तृतीयायाः

Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.

Commentary

The affix तसि comes after that Instrumental -3rd case which does not denote an agent and is governed by a verb having the sense of 'to excel', 'not to give away' and 'to blame'.
Thus वृत्तेनातिगृह्यते or वृत्ततोऽतिगृह्यते, चारित्रेण or चारित्रतोऽतिगृह्यते ॥ This means when a person of good conduct surpasses others through his conduct, he is said "to have excelled through his conduct and character". So also वृत्तेन or वृत्ततो न व्यथते; similarly चरित्रेन or चरित्रतो &c, the sense being he does not succumb or is not moved owing to his strength of conduct or character. Similarly वृत्तेन or वृत्ततः क्षिप्तः, चरित्रेण or चरित्रतः क्षिप्तः "blamed owing to his bad conduct".

Why do we say "when not denoting an agent"? Observe देवदत्तेन क्षिप्तः "blamed by Devadatta".

Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.