वृकज्येष्ठाभ्यां तिल्तातिलौ च च्छन्दसि

Operational rule vidhi

In the छन्दस् (Vedas) the affixes तिल् and तातिल् come after 1. वृक and 2. ज्येष्ठ when excellence is denoted.

Word by word (padaccheda)

Left context वृक- ज्येष्ठाभ्याम् pañcamī · dvivacanaSubstitute / term तिल्- तातिलौ prathamā · dvivacanaIndeclinable च avyayaRight context छन्दसि saptamī · ekavacana

Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").

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Full reading

वृक-ज्येष्ठाभ्याम् तिल्-तातिलौ च छन्दसि

Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.

Commentary

In the छन्दस् (Vedas) the affixes तिल् and तातिल् come after 1. वृक and 2. ज्येष्ठ when excellence is denoted.
The word प्रशंसायाम् is to be read into this sutra. This also debars रूपप् 5.3.66. Thus वृकतिः or वृकतातिः, as, योनो मरुतो वृकतातिमर्त्यः (Rig. Veda 11.34. 9). Similarly ज्येष्ठतातिः ॥

Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.