5.4.38
प्रज्ञादिभ्यश्च
Operational rule vidhi
The affix अण् comes after the words प्रज्ञ etc. (the words retaining their sense).
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context प्रज्ञादिभ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
प्रज्ञादिभ्यः च
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix अण् comes after the words प्रज्ञ etc. (the words retaining their sense).
Thus प्राज्ञः = प्रज्ञः "a wise person", feminine प्राज्ञी; while प्राज्ञः "a man possessed of wisdom" with feminine प्राज्ञा comes from प्रज्ञा "wisdom" by the affix ण having the sense of मतुप् ("being possessed of"), taught in 5.2.101. The प्रज्ञ of this sutra comes from the root प्रजानाति = प्रज्ञः "he who knows fully".
The word विदन् occurs in the list of प्रज्ञादि words. It is formed by the addition of the affix शतृ 3.2.124 to the root, as, विद् + शतृ = विदत् nom. s. विदन् ॥ The very fact that we have such a from विदन् shows that the substitution of वसु for शतृ after the word विद् taught in 7.1.36 (by which we get विद्वान्) is an optional substitution, the word "optionally" being drawn in from Sutra 7.1.35. The word श्रोत्र takes अण् when meaning 'body', as श्रौत्रम्; otherwise श्रोत्रम् 'the sense of hearing', जुह्वत् takes अण् when meaning 'a black antelope', as जौह्वतः ॥ The word कृष्ण takes अण् when meaning 'a black antelope', as, कार्ष्णः ॥
1 प्रज्ञ, 2 वणिज्, 3 उशिज्, 4 उष्णिज् (उष्णिक्, उष्णिह्), 5 प्रत्यक्ष, 6 विद्वस्, 7 विदन्, 8 षोडन्, 9 विद्या, 10 मनस्, 11 श्रोत्र शरीरे, 12 जुह्वत्, 13 कृष्ण मृगे, 14 चिकीर्षत्, 15 चोर, 16 शत्रु (शक), 17 योध, 18 चक्षुस् (वक्षस्), 19 वसु (वस्!), 20 एनस् (एत्!) 21 मरुत्, 22 कुञ्च (कुङ्) 23 सत्वन्तु (सत्वन्, सत्वन्त), 24 दशार्ह, 25 वयस्, 26 व्याकृत, 27 असुर (आतुर!) 28 रक्षस्, 29 पिशाच, 30 अशनि, 31 कर्षापण (का!), 32 देवता, 33 बन्धु, 34 षोडश, 35 धूर्त, 36 राजा ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.