5.2.91
साक्षाद्द्रष्टरि संज्ञायाम्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix इनि comes in the sense of 'a spectator, looker on' after the word साक्षात् when the word so formed is a Name.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Indeclinable साक्षात् avyayaRight context द्रष्टरि saptamī · ekavacanaRight context संज्ञायाम् saptamī · ekavacana
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
साक्षात् द्रष्टरि संज्ञायाम्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix इनि comes in the sense of 'a spectator, looker on' after the word साक्षात् when the word so formed is a Name.
The word साक्षात् is an Indeclinable. The word संज्ञा is used in the aphorism to restrict the sense of the word. Thus साक्षाद् द्रष्टा = साक्षी, d. साक्षिणौ, pl. साक्षिणः 'an eye-witness'. In any transaction like loan, &c, three persons directly see the fact, and may be called द्रष्टा, viz. who gives, who takes, and another who merely looks on. By using the word संज्ञा, the word साक्षिन् is restricted to the mere looker on, and not to the lender or borrower.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.