5.2.57
नित्यं शतादिमासार्धमाससंवत्सराच्च
Operational rule vidhi
After the words शत etc. and after 1. मास 2. अर्धमास and 3. संवत्सर तमट् (तम feminine in ङीप्) is always the augment of डट्.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term नित्यम् prathamā · ekavacanaLeft context शतादि- मास- अर्धमास- संवत्सरात् pañcamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Full reading
नित्यम् शतादि-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After the words शत etc. and after 1. मास 2. अर्धमास and 3. संवत्सर तमट् (तम feminine in ङीप्) is always the augment of डट्।
The words शतादय are numerals. The words मास &c, are not numerals; they would not have taken डट्, but by the implication of this sutra. Thus शतस्य पूरणः = शततमः 'hundreth'; सहस्रतमः, लक्षतमः ॥ Similarly मासस्य पूरणः = मासतमो दिवसः 'the last day of the month'. अर्द्धमासतमः, संवत्सरतमः ॥
By the next Sutra 5.2.58, the words शत &c, would also have taken तमट्; but the scope of that sutra is confined to numerals not preceded by another numeral. There is no such restriction here. Hence we have एकशततमः, द्विशततमः ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.