5.2.45
तदस्मिन्नधिकमिति दशान्ताड्डः
Operational rule vidhi
The affix ड (अ with the elision of अन् of the base) comes in the sense of 'this is surplus in it' after a Numeral ending in दशन् being in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term तद् prathamā · ekavacanaRight context अस्मिन् saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term अधिकम् prathamā · ekavacanaIndeclinable avyayaLeft context दशान्तात् pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term ः prathamā · ekavacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Pink letters are it-markers (anubandhas), tags dropped by 1.3.9. Hover or tap one for the rule that marks it, or try the it-letter finder.
Full reading
तद् अस्मिन् अधिकम् दशान्तात् डः
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix ड (अ with the elision of अन् of the base) comes in the sense of 'this is surplus in it' after a Numeral ending in दशन् being in the Nominative 1st-Case in construction.
Karika
अधिके समानजाताविष्टं शतसहस्रयोः ।
यस्य संख्या तदाधिक्ये डः कर्त्तव्यो मतो मम ॥
Thus एकादश अधिका अस्मिन् शते = एकादशं शतं "hundred + eleven". So also एकादशं सहस्रं ॥
Why do we say ending in दशन् ? Observe पंचाधिका अस्मिन् शते ॥
Why do we say "ending" ? Observe दशाधिका अस्मिन् शते ॥
Ishti:- This rule applies when both words denote a thing of the same denomination. As एकादश कार्षापणा अधिका अस्मिन् कार्षापण शते = एकादशं कार्षापणशतं ॥ But not here:- एकादश माषा अधिका अस्मिन् कार्षापणशते ॥
Ishti:- This applies only after शत and सहस्र, therefore it does not apply here :- एकादशाधिका अस्यां त्रिंशत् ॥
The word इति in the sutra is for clearness. The rule applies to शतसहस्रं also, as एकादशं शतसहस्रं which may mean either (1) एकादश शतान्यधिकान्यस्मिन् or (2) एकादश सहस्राण्यधिकान्यस्मिन् ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.