3.4.8
उपसंवादाशङ्कयोश्च
Operational rule vidhi
Where a contingent promise (a reciprocal agreement) or apprehension is implied, the affix लेट् (Vedic Subjunctive) is used after a root in the छन्दस् (Vedas) Literature.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context उपसंवाद- आशङ्कयोः saptamī · dvivacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Full reading
उपसंवाद-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
Where a contingent promise (a reciprocal agreement) or apprehension is implied, the affix लेट् (Vedic Subjunctive) is used after a root in the छन्दस् (Vedas) Literature.
The word उपसम्वाद means 'reciprocal agreement, contracting to do'. Thus यदि मे भवानिदं कुर्य्याद् अहमपि भवत इदं दास्यामि 'If you do this for me, I will give this to you'. Agreements like these are called उपसम्वाद; while guessing or inferring the result from a cause is called आशङ्का 'apprehension or fear'.
Thus अहमेव पशूनामीशै ॥ मदग्रा एव वो ग्रहा गृह्यान्तै ॥ मद्देवत्यान्येव वः पात्राण्युच्यान्तै ॥ नेज्जिह्यायन्तो (or नेज्जिह्यायन्त्यो) नरकं पताम ॥ (Nir. I.II.Bohtlingk) = जिह्माचरणेन नरकपात आशङ्कयते ॥ All the above examples have the sense of Potential, but the Subjunctive (Let) must be employed necessarily in these senses and not optionally, which anuvritti was understood in the last sutra.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.