3.4.47
उपदंशस्तृतीयायाम्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix णमुल् comes after a root दंश् 'to bite' preceded by the preposition उप when a word ending with the Instrumental -3rd case is in composition with it..
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context उपदंशः pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context तृतीयायाम् saptamī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
उपदंशः तृतीयायाम्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix णमुल् comes after a root दंश् 'to bite' preceded by the preposition उप when a word ending with the Instrumental -3rd case is in composition with it..
The Upapada samasa is optional in this case 2.2.21. Thus मूलकोपदं शम् भुङ्क्ते or मूलकेनोपदंशम् भुङ्क्ते 'he eats after having relished the food with radish'. Similarly आर्द्रकोपदंशम् भुङ्क्ते or आर्द्रकेणोपदंशम् 'relished with ginger'.
The words मूलक &c in the above examples are the 'objects' of the verb उपदंश्, and 'instruments' of the verb भुज् ।
By the rule of वाऽसरूप 3.1.94 the affix क्त्वा (or its substitute ल्यप्) may be optionally used, wherever we may use the affix णमुल् । Thus मूलकेनोपदश्य भुङ्क्ते ।
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.