3.4.25

कर्मण्याक्रोशे कृञः खमुञ्

Operational rule vidhi

The affix खमुञ् is added to the verb कृ 'to make', when a word in the Accusative -2nd case is in construction with it, if the sense intended implies 'abuse'.

Word by word (padaccheda)

Right context कर्मणि saptamī · ekavacanaRight context आक्रोशे saptamī · ekavacanaLeft context कृञः pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term खमुञ् prathamā · ekavacana
  • Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
  • Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
  • Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.

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Full reading

कर्मणि आक्रोशे कृञः खमुञ्

Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.

Commentary

The affix खमुञ् is added to the verb कृ 'to make', when a word in the Accusative -2nd case is in construction with it, if the sense intended implies 'abuse'.
Of the affix खमुञ्, the efficient portion is अम्; the indicatory ख introduces the augment मुम् 6.3.67. Thus चोरं कारमाक्रोशति 'he reviles him as thief, i. e. he calls out in abuse 'thou art a thief., thou art a robber, &c.' The person is not really made a thief, but making him a thief is to express one's indignation.

Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.

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