3.3.65
क्वणो वीणायां च
Operational rule vidhi
The affix अप् comes optionally after the verb क्वन् 'to jingle' when नि is in composition with it, as well as when it is without any उपसर्ग or when 'flute' is meant.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context क्वणः pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context वीणायाम् saptamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Full reading
क्वणः वीणायाम् च
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix अप् comes optionally after the verb क्वन् 'to jingle' when नि is in composition with it, as well as when it is without any उपसर्ग or when 'flute' is meant.
This debars the affix घञ्. Thus निक्वणः or निक्वाणः 'a musical tone'. क्वणः or क्वाणः 'sound'. When it refers to 'flute', it must have some upasarga not necessarily नि; as कल्याणप्रक्वणा वीणा.
But not so here, अतिक्वाणो वर्तते, where the upasarga being अति and the word not referring to 'a flute', no option is allowed. When flute is not meant the upasarga must be नि or no upasarga at all, for the optional application of the affix अप्. To sum up, क्वण् takes अप् optionally under three conditions:- Ist when preceded by नि, or 2ndly when having no upasarga, or 3rdly when it refers to 'flute', and then it must have some upasarga.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.