3.3.63
यमः समुपनिविषु च
Operational rule vidhi
And The affix अप् comes optionally after the verb यम् 'to surround' when the उपसर्ग -s सम् , उप , नि and वि are in composition ; or even when it is without उपसर्ग -less.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context यमः pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context सम्- उप- नि- विषु saptamī · bahuvacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
यमः सम्-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
And The affix अप् comes optionally after the verb यम् 'to surround' when the उपसर्ग -s सम् , उप , नि and वि are in composition ; or even when it is without उपसर्ग -less.
This debars घञ्. As संयामः or संयमः 'restraint'; उपयामः or उपयमः 'marriage'; नियामः or नियमः 'restrictive rule'; वियामः or वियमः 'check, distress'; यामः or यमः ।
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.