3.3.58
ग्रहवृदृनिश्चिगमश्च
Operational rule vidhi
The affix अप् comes after the verbs 1. ग्रह् 'to seize' 2. वृ 'to choose' 3. दृ 4. निश्चि 5. गम् 'to go'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context ग्रह- वृ- दृ- निश्चि- गमः pañcamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Full reading
ग्रह-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix अप् comes after the verbs 1. ग्रह् 'to seize' 2. वृ 'to choose' 3. दृ 4. निश्चि 5. गम् 'to go'.
This debars घञ्; and in the case of निश्चि the affix अच् is debarred. As ग्रहः 'a planet'; वरः 'a boon'; दरः 'tearing, a cave'; निश्चयः 'certainty'; गमः 'march'.
The verb निश्चि would have taken अच्, but takes अप् which causes difference of accent.
Vart:-The roots वश् and रण् should also be included in this; as वशः 'obedient'; रणः 'battle'.
Vart:- When the sense is that of घञ्, the affix क is directed to be employed, after the following verbs :- स्था, स्ना, पा, व्यध्, हन् and युध् । As प्रस्थः 'a table-land' (on which they move); प्रस्नः 'a vessel for bathing' (in which they bathe); प्रपाः 'a place where water is distributed to travellers' (that out of which they drink); आविधः 6.1.16 'an awl, a drill' (that by which they pierce); विघ्नः 'an obstacle' (in which they are obstructed); आयुधः 'battle' (where they fight).
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.