3.3.171
कृत्याश्च
Operational rule vidhi
The affixes called कृत्य also come after a root when the sense to be indicated is that of 'necessity' or 'obligation'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term prathamā · bahuvacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Full reading
च
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affixes called कृत्य also come after a root when the sense to be indicated is that of 'necessity' or 'obligation'.
Thus भवता खलु अवश्यं कटः कर्त्तव्यः, करणीयः, कार्यः or कृत्यः 'you ought to make the mat'; भवता शतं दातव्यं, देयं, &c, 'you ought to pay a hundred'.
Q.-- Where is the necessity of this aphorism ? The kritya affixes, being enjoined universally without any limitation would, of course, come under these special circumstances also.
A.-- They would be excluded by the special affix णिनि of the last sutra, which comes especially with the force of 'necessity' and 'obligation'.
Q.-- Not so, for णिनि comes in denoting the 'agent' (कर्ता), while kritya denotes the 'action' (भाव) and the 'object' (कर्म); so their scope being different, how can one supersede the other ?
A.-- Well, to remove this objection, some say, that kritya words like भव्य, गेय &c. 3.4.68 which especially refer to the agent, are the proper examples to be given under this aphorism; and not examples of kritya-formed words in general.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.