3.3.161
विधिनिमन्त्रणामन्त्रणाधीष्टसंप्रश्नप्रार्थनेषु लिङ्
Operational rule vidhi
लिङ्लकार can be used to indicate विधि (= order) , निमन्त्रण ( = an invitation that cannot be rejected), आमन्त्रण (= an invitation that can be rejected), अधीष्ट (= Ask something with respect, often in exchange of money or something else), सम्प्रश्न (= A question about doing or not doing something) and प्रार्थना (= request).
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context विधि- निमन्त्रण- आमन्त्रण- अधीष्ट- सम्प्रश्न- प्रार्थनेषु saptamī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
विधि-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix लिङ् (Benedictive) comes after a verb when the agent either 1. commands 2. invites 3. permits 4. politely expresses a wish 6. asks questions or 7. prays.
The word विधिः means 'commanding or directing a subordinate'; निमन्त्रणं means 'giving invitation'; आमन्त्रणं means 'expressing permission to do as one likes'; अधीष्ठः means 'to politely express a wish'; सम्प्रश्नः means 'a question'; and प्रार्थना means 'a prayer'.
This excludes all other tense-affixes. Thus:--
(1) कटं कुर्यात् 'let him make the mat'; ग्रामम् भवान् आगच्छेत् 'you come to the village';
(2 and 3) इह भवान् भुञ्जीत 'you will or may dine here'; इह भवान् आसीत 'here you will or may sit';
(4) अधीच्छामो भवन्तं माणवकं भवानुपनयेत 'we wish that you should condescend to initiate this boy';
(5) किं भो व्याकरणमधीयीय उत तर्कम् ? 'Sir, what shall I learn, the Grammar or the Logic'?
(6) भवति मे प्रार्थना व्याकरणं अधीयीय 'this is my prayer that I should learn Grammar'.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.