3.2.119
अपरोक्षे च
Operational rule vidhi
The affix लट् (Present Tense) comes after a verb when the particle स्म is in connection with it and denotes a past action not belonging to the current day and when the action is perceived by the agent.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context अपरोक्षे saptamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Full reading
अपरोक्षे च
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix लट् (Present Tense) comes after a verb when the particle स्म is in connection with it and denotes a past action not belonging to the current day and when the action is perceived by the agent.
As एवं स्म पिता ब्रवीति 'thus said the father'; इति स्मोपाध्यायः कथयति 'thus said the preceptor'.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.