3.1.83
हलः श्नः शानज्झौ
Operational rule vidhi
The श्ना प्रत्यय following a हल् letter is converted to शानच् when followed by the 'हि' प्रत्यय.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context pañcamī · ekavacanaTarget श्नः ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term आन prathamā · ekavacanaRight context हौ saptamī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Pink letters are it-markers (anubandhas), tags dropped by 1.3.9. Hover or tap one for the rule that marks it, or try the it-letter finder.
Full reading
श्नः शानच् हौ
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
श्नः → शानच् / हौ
Replace śnaḥ with śānac when it comes after halaḥ when hau follows. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
The affix शानच् is the substitute of श्ना after a root ending with a consonant, when हि follows.
The affix हि is the 2nd person singular of लोट् or the Imperative mood. Thus पुषाण 'do thou nourish', गृहाण 'do thou take', from roots पुष् and ग्रह which end with consonants. But we have क्रीणीहि 'do thou buy'; here there is no substitution of शानच्, because the root ends with a vowel. The repetition of श्ना in the sutra shows that शानच् is a mere substitute and not an independent affix.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.