3.1.78
रुधादिभ्यः श्नम्
Operational rule vidhi
A verb belonging to the रुधादिगण gets the विकरणप्रत्यय 'श्नम्' in presence of a सार्वधातुक प्रत्यय in कर्तरि प्रयोग.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context रुधादिभ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term श्नम् prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
रुधादिभ्यः श्नम्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix श्नम् comes after the roots of the रुधादिगणः (7th Conjugation), in denoting an agent when a सार्वधातुक affix follows.
This debars शप् The indicatory म् of the affix श्नम् shows that the affix न is to be placed after the last vowel of the root; see sutra 1.1.47. As रुध् + श्नम् + ति = रुध् + न + ति = रु + न + ध् + ति = रुणद्धि 'he obstructs'. So also भिनत्ति 'he splits'. The indicatory श is for the sake of sutra 6.4.23.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.