2.3.13 चतुर्थी सम्प्रदाने

Word by word (padaccheda)

Substitute / term चतुर्थी prathamā · ekavacanaRight context saptamī · ekavacana

Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").

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Full reading

चतुर्थी

Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.

Commentary

In denoting the सम्प्रदान-कारक -- कर्मणा यमभिप्रैति स सम्प्रदानम् 1.4.32, the 4th case-affix of the Dative is used after the noun.
Ex. उपाध्यायाय गां ददाति 'He gives a cow to the teacher' देवदत्ताय रोचते 'it pleases Devadatta' 1.4.33 पुष्पेभ्यः स्पृहयति 1.4.36 'he desires flowers.'

Vart:- The fourth case-affix should be employed when the sense is that of 'for the purpose thereof' as यूपाय दारु 'wood is for making posts.' कुण्डलाय हिरण्यं 'gold used for the purpose of making ear-ring.' रन्धनाय स्थाली 'pot for the sake of cooking.' अवहननायोलूखलं 'mortar for the sake of threshing.'

Vart:- The verb क्लृप and other verbs meaning 'to be fit or adequate for, result in, bring about, accomplish, produce, tend to,' govern the dative case: as, मूत्राय कल्पते यवागूः 'the barley gruel tends to produce urine.' So elso मूत्राय संपद्यते जायते वा यवागुः.

Vart:- The fourth case-affix is employed with the force of 'indicating a portent or calamity.' as.

वाताय कपिला विद्युदातपायाति लोहिनी ॥
पीता वर्षाय विज्ञेया दुर्भिक्षाय सिता भवेत् ॥

'The reddish lightening portends wind, extremely red indicates heat, yellow portends rain and white lightening prognosticates famine.'

Vart:- The fourth case-affix should be employed in connection with the word हितः as गोभ्योहितं 'good for cows.'

Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.