अव्ययं विभक्तिसमीपसमृद्धिव्यृद्ध्यर्थाभावात्ययासम्प्रतिशब्दप्रादुर्भावपश्चाद्यथानुपूर्व्ययौगपद्यसादृश्यसम्पत्तिसाकल्यान्तवचनेषु
An अव्यय that is used in any of these meanings- विभक्तिः (e.g. 'अधि'), समीपम् (near, e.g. 'उप'), समृद्धिः (prosperity, e.g. 'सु') , व्यृद्धिः (deterioration, e.g. 'दुस्','दुर्'), अर्थाभावः (absence, e.g 'निर्'), अत्ययम् (expiry, e.g. 'अति'), असम्प्रतिः (non-presence, e.g. 'अति'), शब्दप्रादुर्भावः (appearance of the word, e.g. 'तत्'), पश्चात् (later, e.g. 'अनु'), यथा (eligibility, e.g. 'यथा'), आनुपूर्व्य (sequentially, e.g. 'अनु'), यौगपद्य (simultaneously, e.g. 'स'), सादृश्य (similarity, e.g. 'स'), सम्पत्ति (appropriate, e.g. 'स'), साकल्यार्थः (entirety, e.g. 'स'), अन्तवचनम् ('till', e.g. 'स') - undergoes a समास with a related सुबन्त, and the समास is called अव्ययीभावसमास.
Word by word (padaccheda)
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
An अव्यय - indeclinable, used with the sense of an inflective-affix (विभक्ति) or of near to, or prosperity, or diversity, or absence of the thing, or departure, or not now, or the production of some sound, or after, or according to, or order of arrangement, or totality, or termination, is invariably compounded with a word ending in a case-affix which is connected with it in sense and the compound so formed is called अव्ययीभाव।
The words and so are understood in this sútra. The word वचन should be read as connected with every one of the above phrases.
1.विभक्तिवचन;- As अधिस्त्रि कथा वर्तते' a story relating to
women.' अधिकुमारि relating to a girl.'
2. समीपवचन; - As उपकुम्भम् 'near to the jar.'उपमणिकं' near to the gem.'
3. समृद्धिवचन;- As सुमद्रं 'well or prosperous with the Madras'; सुमगधं 'well with the Magadh.'
4. व्यृद्धिवचन;- As दुर्गवादिकं "ill with the Gavadikas ;" दुर्यवन ' ill with the Yavanas.'
5. अभाववचन;- As निर्मक्षिकम् 'free from flies;' निर्मशकं 'free from mosquitoes'.
6. अत्ययवचन ;- As निर्हिमम् 'on the departure of the cold weather'; निःशीतमं .
7. असम्प्रतिवचन;- As अतितैसृकम् 'past (not now) the time of wearing quilts'.
8. शब्दप्रादुर्भाववचन;- As इति हरि 'the exclamation Hari' (thus वैष्णवगृहे इति हरि वर्तते 'in the house of the Vaishnava there is the cry of Hari Hari').
9. पश्चाद्वचन;- As अनुरथं पादातम् 'the infantry after the chariots.'
10. यथार्थवचन;- The meaning of the word यथा is four-fold, viz. correspondence, severalty or succession, the not passing beyond something, and likeness; thus (1) अनुरूपम् 'in a corresponding manner.' (2) प्रत्यर्थम् 'according to each or several object or signification'. (3) यथाशक्ति ' according to one's ability'.
11. आनुपूर्व्यवचन;- As अनुज्येष्ठं प्रविशन्तु भवन्तः 'let your honors enter in the order of seniority.'
12. यौगपद्यवचन;- As सचक्रं धेहि 'simultaneously with the wheel.'
13. सादृश्यवचन; As ससखि 'like a friend.'
14. सम्पत्तिवचन;- As सक्षत्रम् 'as warriors ought.'
15. साकल्यवचन; As सतृणम् 'even to the grass' it, the whole, not leaving even a scrap.
16. अन्तवचन;- As साग्नि as far as the chapter of fire (i.e. the whole Veda).
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.