2.1.33
कृत्यैरधिकार्थवचने
Operational rule vidhi
A word ending with the Instrumental -3rd case-affix when it denotes the agent or the Instrument, is compounded optionally with a word ending in a कृत्य affix, when exaggerated statement (whether of praise or of censure) is implied and the resulting compound is तत्-पुरुष .
Word by word (padaccheda)
With / by tṛtīyā · bahuvacanaRight context अधिक- अर्थ- वचने saptamī · ekavacana
- With / by Tṛtīyā (3rd case): accompaniment or means.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
अधिक-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
A word ending with the Instrumental -3rd case-affix when it denotes the agent or the Instrument, is compounded optionally with a word ending in a कृत्य affix, when exaggerated statement (whether of praise or of censure) is implied and the resulting compound is तत्-पुरुष ।
As काकपेयानदी 'a shallow river' (so shallow that a crow may dip his beak into it and touch the bottom and drink). श्वलेह्य कूपः 'a shallow well' (so that a dog can lick water from the brink of it). वाष्पच्छेद्यानि तृणानि 'thin grass' (so fragile that it can be cut by vapour) कण्टकसञ्चेय ओदनः .
This sūtra is in a way a prolongation of the last .
Vart:-The phrase 'words ending in a kritya affix' must not be taken universally, only the kritya affixes यत् and ण्यत् are meant in the above sutras. The following are the kritya affixes :- तव्य, अनीय, यत्, क्यप्, ण्यत्, (see sutra III.1.95-132). Therefore there is no compounding when the word ends in तव्य as in काकैः पातव्या.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.