2.1.26
खट्वा क्षेपे
Operational rule vidhi
The word खट्वा in the Accusative -2nd case is compounded with a word ending in the affix क्त , when censure is implied and the compound so formed is तत्-पुरुष .
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term खट्वा prathamā · ekavacanaRight context क्षेपे saptamī · ekavacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
खट्वा क्षेपे
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The word खट्वा in the Accusative -2nd case is compounded with a word ending in the affix क्त , when censure is implied and the compound so formed is तत्-पुरुष ।
The word क्षेप means 'censure,' 'blame' and this sense can be connoted only by the compound word as a whole and not by any of its constituent elements. This compound is also, therefore, a Nitya Compound, though it occurs in the sub-division relating to Optional Compounds :-because it is impossible to analyse such a compound and express, by means of sentence, the sense conveyed by the function of the compound word.
As खट्वारूढः or खट्वाप्लुतः (literally lying on a bed); silly, stupid, going wrong or astray.
There is no compounding when 'censure is not meant.' As खठ्वामारूढः 'lying on a bed.'
Why this word should have this opprobrious meaning, will be understood from the consideration of the following facts :-a person under the Aryan social polity, could only then enter the married state or the life of a house-holder, as it was called, when he had completed his Brahmacharya i.e., the prescribed period of bachelor studentship. All Brahmacharis were bound to sleep on ground and not on खट्वा or cots, so long as they were Brahmacharis. A person who without completing his studies, and without obtaining the permission of his teacher, entered into matrimony, was originally called, in reproach, खट्वारूढः 'who had ascended the couch in an improper way.' Then the term was extended to all persons guilty of vile action.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.