2.1.21
अन्यपदार्थे च संज्ञायाम्
Operational rule vidhi
A word ending in a case-affix is compounded with words denoting the names of rivers, when the compound word denotes a thing other than that expressed by the terms of the compound and is an appellative, the compound so formed being an अव्ययीभाव .
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context अन्य- पदार्थे saptamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyayaRight context संज्ञायाम् saptamī · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Full reading
अन्य-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
A word ending in a case-affix is compounded with words denoting the names of rivers, when the compound word denotes a thing other than that expressed by the terms of the compound and is an appellative, the compound so formed being an अव्ययीभाव ।
The anuvritti of the word samkhyå does not extend to this sutra. Though this rule is given in the sub-division relating to optional compounds it is, however, a Nitya-samasa rule : for no Name (सञ्ज्ञा) can ever be expressed by a sentence, and that being so, these compounds can never be analysed. As उन्मत्तगङ्गम् ' the country called Unmatta Ganges .' So also लोहितगङ्गम्, कृष्णगङ्गम् ; शनैर्गङ्गम्.
Why do we say 'when it denotes a thing other than that expressed by the component parts of the compound' ? Observe कृष्णवेण the 'river Krishnavena.'
Why do we say 'when it expresses an Appellative' ? Observe शीर्घो गङ्गो देशः ' the country where the Ganges moves rapidly.'
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.