1.4.37
क्रुधद्रुहेर्ष्याऽसूयार्थानां यं प्रति कोपः
Definition saṃjñā कारकसंज्ञाDefinition saṃjñā सम्प्रदानसंज्ञा
In the case of the verbs having the sense of क्रद्ध् 'to be angry', द्रुह् 'to injure', ईर्ष्या 'to envy', असूया 'to detract', the person against whom the feeling of anger etc. is directed is called सम्प्रदान.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Of क्रुध- द्रुह- ईर्ष्या- असूया- अर्थानाम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacanaObject यम् dvitīyā · ekavacanaIndeclinable प्रति avyayaTerm / subject कोपः prathamā · ekavacana
- Of Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): "of X". In this kind of sūtra it marks a relation, not a substitution.
- Object Dvitīyā (2nd case).
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Term / subject Prathamā (1st case): the term being defined, or the subject of the statement.
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
क्रुध-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
In the case of the verbs having the sense of क्रद्ध् 'to be angry', द्रुह् 'to injure', ईर्ष्या 'to envy', असूया 'to detract', the person against whom the feeling of anger etc. is directed is called सम्प्रदान।
Krudh means non-tolerance, droha means doing wrong or hurt, irshya jealousy; and asuya means to find out the faults of another. The word kopa includes all the above four sorts of actions. As देवदत्ताय क्रुध्यति-द्रुह्यति-ईर्ष्यति or असूयति he is angry upon, (i. e. with) or bears malice to, or is jealous of, or finds out the faults of Devadatta. Here Devadatta is in the Dative case.
Why do we say 'against whom the feeling of anger is directed.' Be if there be no feeling of anger, then these verbs will not govern the dative case, but the accusative. Thus भार्यामीर्ष्यति he is jealous of his wife, i.e., does not wish her to be seen by others. Here the word bharya is in the accusative case.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.