1.3.56
उपाद्यमः स्वकरणे
Operational rule vidhi
After the verb यम् 'to give', preceded by उप , when used in the sense of 'espousing', the आत्मनेपद is used.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context उपात् pañcamī · ekavacanaLeft context यमः pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context स्वकरणे saptamī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
उपात् यमः स्वकरणे
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After the verb यम् 'to give', preceded by उप , when used in the sense of 'espousing', the आत्मनेपद is used.
This is clear. As भार्यामुपयच्छते 'he espouses or knows his wife.' But not so when another's wife is meant; there it is parasmaipadi.
By rule 1.3.78, the verb yam would have been parasmaipadi, but the present sutra makes an exception, when the root takes the preposition upa and means "to marry, to espouse, or to accept." The meaning of sva-karana is confined to accepting in general. This is according to Kasika; according to Mahabhashya, sva-karana means to make one's own what was not previously his own.
Why do we say in the sense of "marrying"? When it has any other sense, parasmaipada affixes will be employed, as देवदत्तो यज्ञदत्तस्य भार्यामुपयच्छति, Devadatta has illicit intercourse with the wife of Yajnadatta.'
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.