1.3.55
दाणश्च सा चेच्चतुर्थ्यर्थे
Operational rule vidhi
And after the verb दा 'to give', preceded by सम् , and connected with a noun in the Instrumental - 3rd Case, the आत्मनेपद affix is used, provided this Instrumental Case has the sense of the Dative - 4th Case.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context दाणः pañcamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyayaSubstitute / term सा prathamā · ekavacanaIndeclinable चेत् avyayaRight context चतुर्थी- अर्थे saptamī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
दाणः च सा चेत् चतुर्थी-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
And after the verb दा 'to give', preceded by सम् , and connected with a noun in the Instrumental - 3rd Case, the आत्मनेपद affix is used, provided this Instrumental Case has the sense of the Dative - 4th Case.
When is the 3rd case used with the force of the 4th case? That is answered by the following.
Vart:- The Instrumental has the force of the Dative when immoral conduct is implied. As दास्या or वृषल्या संप्रयच्छते 'he gives with the object of enticing to the female slave or prostitute.'
The verb da to give is generally parasmaipadi, it becomes atmanepadi under the above conditions.
Why do we say "when it has the force of the dative case"? Because when it has not the sense of the dative, parasmaipada terminations will be used, as पाणिना संप्रयच्छति, 'he gives with his hand.'
It might be asked how the atmanepada terminations are employed when the preposition sam is not directly applied to the verb, but another preposition pra, intervenes between sam and the verb. The reply is that the word samah in sutra 1.3.54 is not in the ablative case (which would have required its being placed immediately before the verb), but it is in the genitive case, and is used as an attribute.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.