1.3.42
प्रोपाभ्यां समर्थाभ्याम्
Operational rule vidhi
When the उपसर्ग 'प्र' or 'उप' is attached to the verb 'क्रम्', it gets the प्रत्ययाः of आत्मनेपद ; provided that the meaning expressed is 'the beginning of'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context प्र- उपाभ्याम् pañcamī · dvivacanaLeft context समर्थाभ्याम् pañcamī · dvivacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
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Full reading
प्र-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After the verb क्रम् preceded by वि , the आत्मनेपद is used when it is preceded by प्र and उप , both conveying the same sense; viz. that of 'beginning an action'.
As प्रक्रमते भोक्तुम्, उपक्रमते भोक्तुम् 'he commences to eat' &c.
The prefixes pra and upa are synonyms, when they denote the commencement of an action.
Why do we say, "when they are synonyms." Witness the following पूर्वेद्युः प्रक्रामति अपरेद्युरुपक्रामति 'he goes during the first part of the day and he comes back during the latter part of the day.' Here in one case the sense is "to go," in another it means "to return."
Why in the latter case of 'aparedyur upakramati' there is not Atmanepada by virtue of sutra 1.3.39 ante, as there is the upasarga upa here? The answer is that Rule 1.3.39 is not applicable, as that rule is limited by the condition of the sense of 'continuity' &c. while in the present sutra, that limitation is not applicable.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.