1.3.33
अधेः प्रसहने
Operational rule vidhi
When the उपसर्ग 'अधि' is attached to the verb 'कृ', it gets the प्रत्ययाः of आत्मनेपद ; provided that the meaning is 'to forgive / to obtain victory'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context अधेः pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context प्रसहने saptamī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
अधेः प्रसहने
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After the verb कृ preceded by अधि , when the sense is that of 'overcoming or defeat', the आत्मनेपद is used, even when the fruit of the action does not accrue to the agent.
This sutra is commenced to show that kri may take the atmanepada affix even when the direct fruit of the action does not accrue to the agent. The word prasahana means 'to overcome, to be not defeated,' As तमधिचक्रे 'he overcame him or he was not defeated by him.'
Why do we say, 'in the sense of to overcome?' Witness अर्थमधिकरोति 'he learns the meaning' in which example the atmanepada affix is not employed.
The necessity of making a separate sutra of this rule, instead of including it in the last aphorism, arose with the object of giving a distinctive meaning to the prefix adhi.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.