स्पर्द्धायामाङः

Operational rule vidhi

When the उपसर्ग 'आङ्' is attached to the verb 'ह्वे', it gets the प्रत्ययाः of 'आत्मनेपद', provided the meaning is 'to complete / to wish to defeat'.

Word by word (padaccheda)

Right context स्पर्द्धायाम् saptamī · ekavacanaLeft context आङः pañcamī · ekavacana

Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.

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Full reading

स्पर्द्धायाम् आङः

Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.

Commentary

After the verbs ह्वे 'to call', when meaning 'to challenge' and preceded by अङ् , the आत्मनेपद is used, even, when the fruit of the action does not accrue to the agent.
As मल्लो मल्लामाह्वयते 'an athlete challenges another athlete (in order to conquer him)'; छात्रश्छात्रमाह्वयते 'one student emulates with another student.'

This sutra is also for the purpose of showing that the root hve takes the Atmanepada terminations even when the direct fruit of the action does not accrue to the agent.

The word spardha means to emulate, to vie, to desire, to conquer another. When the verb hve has not the above signification, it takes the terminations of the parasmaipada. As गामाह्वयति गोपालः 'the cowherd calls the cows.'

Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.