8.2.77
हलि च
Operational rule vidhi
The उपधा letter of a रेफान्त or a वकारान्त धातु becomes दीर्घ if that letter belongs to the इक् प्रत्याहार and if the धातु is followed by a हल् letter.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context saptamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
च
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
Of a root ending in र् or व् , the penultimate इ or उ is lengthened before a consonantal beginning affix.
Thus आस्तीर्णम्, विस्तीर्णम्, विशीर्णम्, अवगूर्णम्, all ending in र् ॥ So also, दीव्यति, सीव्यति ending in व् ॥
The phrase "of the root", is understood here also. Therefore not here, दिव्यति and चतुर्यति, which are derived from the nouns दिव and चतुर i.e. दिवमिच्छति = दिव्यति, and चतुर इच्छति = चतुर्यति ॥
The phrase इकः "of the vowels इ or उ" is understood here also. Therefore not here, स्मर्यते, भव्यम् ॥
This rule applies to cases which are not final in a pada: but to cases where र् or व् are in the middle of a pada or word.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.