8.2.50
निर्वाणोऽवाते
Operational rule vidhi
The word निर्वाण is irregularly formed by changing the निष्ठा त is changed to न when the sense is not that of 'wind'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term निर्वाणः prathamā · ekavacanaRight context अवाते saptamī · ekavacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
निर्वाणः अवाते
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The word निर्वाण is irregularly formed by changing the निष्ठा त is changed to न when the sense is not that of 'wind'.
The word निर्वाण is formed from the root वा, with the preposition निर् and the Participial affix त ॥ Thus निर्वाणोऽग्निः = उपशान्तः, निर्वाणः प्रदीपः, निर्वाणो भिक्षुः = उपरतः ॥
Why do we say when not meaning "the wind"? Observe, निर्वातो वातः, निर्वातं वातेन ॥
In the sentences निर्वाणः प्रदीपो वातेन, निर्वाणोऽग्निर्वातेन, the न change has taken place, because the location of the verb वा is in the प्रदीप and अग्नि, and not in the वात, which is merely an Instrument. Hence the above vritti uses the words "if the sense of the verb वा does not govern वात in the locative case".
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.