8.1.6
प्रसमुपोदः पादपूरणे
Operational rule vidhi
1. प्र 2. सम् 3. उ and 4. उत् are repeated when by so doubling, the foot of a verse is completed.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target प्रसमुपोदः ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaRight context पादपूरणे saptamī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Full reading
प्रसमुपोदः पादपूरणे
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
1. प्र 2. सम् 3. उ and 4. उत् are repeated when by so doubling, the foot of a verse is completed.
As प्र प्रायमग्निभरतस्य शृण्वे (Rig VII.8.4), संसमिद्युवते वृषन् ॥ (Rig X. 191.1), उपोप मे परामृश (Rig I.126.7), किं नोदुदु हर्षसे दातवाउ (Rig IV. 21.9). Why do we say when 'a foot of a verse is completed there by'? Observe प्रदेवं देव्या धिया ॥ This rule applies only to the Vedic verses, for there alone the Preposition may be used separate from its verb. In the secular literature, this rule has no applicability, as Prepositions are never so used.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.