8.1.26
सपूर्वायाः प्रथमाया विभाषा
Operational rule vidhi
When the सर्वनाम follows a Nominative 1st-Case, which itself is preceded by another word, then the above substitutions may take place optionally.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context सपूर्वायाः pañcamī · ekavacanaLeft context प्रथमायाः pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
सपूर्वायाः प्रथमायाः
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
When the सर्वनाम follows a Nominative 1st-Case, which itself is preceded by another word, then the above substitutions may take place optionally.
Thus ग्रामे कम्बलस्ते स्वम् or ग्रामे कम्बलस्तवस्वम् ॥ ग्रामे कम्बलोमेस्वम् ॥ ग्रामेकम्बलोममस्वम् ॥ ग्रामकम्बलस्ते दीयते ॥ ग्रामे कम्बलस्तुभ्यं दीयते ॥ ग्रामे कम्बलो मे दीयते ॥ ग्रामे कम्बलो मह्यं दीयते ॥ ग्रामे छात्रास्त्वा पश्यन्ति ॥ ग्रामे छात्रास्त्वां पश्यन्ति ॥ ग्रामे छात्रा मा पश्यन्ति ॥ ग्रामे छात्रा मां पश्यन्ति ॥
Why do we say "which itself is preceded by another word"? Observe कम्बलस्ते स्वम्, कम्बलो मे स्वम् ॥
Why do we say "after a Nominative"? Observe कम्बलो ग्रामे ते स्वम्, कम्बलो ग्रामे मे स्वम् ॥
Vart:- The option herein taught is restricted to युष्मद् and अस्मद् when not employed in anvadesa. But when there is anvadesa, then the substitution is compulsory and not optional. This vartika restricts the scope of the sutra, and makes it a vyavasthita vibhasha. Therefore, there is no option here, where there is anvadesa: अथो ग्रामे कम्बलस्ते स्वम्, अथो ग्रामे कम्बलो मे स्वम् ॥
Vart:- Others say, that the substitutes वां, नौ &c are all optional, when not employed in anvadesa, whether the nominative is preceded by another noun or not. Thus the rules 20.21, 22.23 are optional. As : कम्बलस्ते स्वम्, or कम्बलस्तव स्वम्, कम्बलो मे स्वम् or कम्बलो मम स्वम् ॥ Why do we say "when not in anvadesa"? Observe अथो कम्बलस्ते स्वम्, अथो कम्बलो मे स्वम् ॥ Question: If this is so, where is the necessity of the present sutra at all? Answer:- The present sutra is for the sake of anvadesa: i.e. the option taught in the present sutra will take place only then, when there is anvadesa and not otherwise ; thus अथो ग्रामे कम्बलस्ते स्वम्, or अथो ग्रामे कम्बलस्तव स्वम्, अथो ग्रामे कम्बलो मे स्वम्, or अथो ग्रामे कम्बलो मम स्वम् ॥ In other words, according to this vartika, rules 20.21, 22 and 23 are all optional in anvadesa, but compulsory where is no anvadesa; but when the pronoun is preceded by a nominative which itself is preceded by another word, then the above rules are not compulsory, even in anvadesa: there also the option will apply.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.