अशनायोदन्यधनाया बुभुक्षापिपासागर्द्धेषु

Operational rule vidhi

The Denominative roots 1. अशनाय 2. उदन्य and 3. धनाय are irregularly formed when they respectively mean 1. 'to be hungry' 2. 'to be thirsty' and 3. 'to be greedy'.

Word by word (padaccheda)

Substitute / term अशनायोदन्यधनाया prathamā · bahuvacanaRight context बुभुक्षापिपासागर्द्धेषु saptamī · bahuvacana

Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").

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Full reading

अशनायोदन्यधनाया बुभुक्षापिपासागर्द्धेषु

Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.

Commentary

The Denominative roots 1. अशनाय 2. उदन्य and 3. धनाय are irregularly formed when they respectively mean 1. 'to be hungry' 2. 'to be thirsty' and 3. 'to be greedy'.
Thus अशनायति from अशन + क्यच्, आ instead of ई; the other form being अशनीयति who is not hungry at the time, but wishes to get food for some future occasion, and therefore when not meaning 'to be hungry'; उदन्यति 'he is thirsty', उदन् being substituted for उदक; in any other sense we have उदकीयति, who wants water for purposes of bathing &c. धनायति 'he is greedy'; in any other sense, धनीयति who is poor, and therefore wishes to get riches.

Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.