7.3.5
न्यग्रोधस्य च केवलस्य
Operational rule vidhi
ऐ is placed before the य् of न्यग्रोध instead of वृद्धि when the word stands alone and is not a member of a compound and is followed by a तद्धित affix with the indicatory ञ् , ण् or क् .
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target न्यग्रोधस्य ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyayaTarget केवलस्य ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
न्यग्रोधस्य च केवलस्य
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
ऐ is placed before the य् of न्यग्रोध instead of वृद्धि when the word stands alone and is not a member of a compound and is followed by a तद्धित affix with the indicatory ञ् , ण् or क् ।
As नैयग्रोधश्चमसः (= न्यग्रोधस्य विकारः). Why do we say 'when it is alone'? Observe न्यग्रोधमूले भवाः शालयः = न्यग्रोधमूलाः ॥ न्यग्रोध is a derivative word (from न्यग्रोहयति = नीचैर्गतौ परोहैर्वधते), then it would have been governed by 7.3.3, this separate, sutra is then for the sake of making a restrictive rule (niyama) with regard to this word. If it is a primary word, then this sutra makes a Vidhi rule. The word केवल is a jnapaka that the rule of Tadadi applies in this section. See 7.3.8, also.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.