7.3.120
आङो नाऽस्त्रियाम्
Operational rule vidhi
The आङ्-प्रत्यय that comes after a non-feminine घिसंज्ञक अङ्ग is converted to 'ना'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target आङः ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term ना prathamā · ekavacanaRight context अस्त्रियाम् saptamī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
आङः ना अस्त्रियाम्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
आङः → ना / अस्त्रियाम्
Replace āṅaḥ with nā when astriyām follows. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
ना is substituted for the ending आ of the Instrumental -3rd case singular, after the घि अङ्ग (stems) when they are not feminine.
As अग्निना, वायुना, पटुना ॥ Why do we not say आङो मा पुंसि 'मा is substituted for आ in the Masculine'? Answer: In order to form the neuter Instrumentals also, as त्रपुणा, जतुना ॥ Objection: These can be formed by the augment नुम् under rule 7.1.73, and not by the ना of this sutra. Answer: But अमुना will not be so formed as अमुना ब्राह्मणकुले ॥ Because सु substituted for दस् of अदस् 8.2.80 is considered as asiddha or non-existent 8.2.1 for the purposes of the application 7.1.73, and as अमु cannot take नुम्, it will take ना by this rule. Why do we say "not in the Feminine?" Observe कृत्या, धेन्वा ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.