7.3.107
अम्बाऽर्थनद्योर्ह्रस्वः
Operational rule vidhi
For the words that are used with the meaning same as अम्बा, and for the words that get the नदीसंज्ञा, the अङ्ग get a ह्रस्वादेश in presence of सुँ-प्रत्यय of सम्बोधन-एकवचन.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target अम्बार्थ- नद्योः ṣaṣṭhī · dvivacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
अम्बार्थ-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
अम्बार्थ-
Replace ambārtha-nadyoḥ with hrasvaḥ. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
A short vowel is substituted in the Vocative Case singular for the final आ of the feminine affix, in the sense of 'mother, mother-dear' and also for the long vowel of the feminines called नदी -- यू स्त्र्याख्यौ नदी 1.4.3 etc.
As अम्ब ! हे अक्क ! हे अल्ल ! हे कुमारि ! हे शार्ङ्गरवि ! हे ब्रह्मबन्धु ! हे वीरबन्धु !
Vart:- Prohibition must be stated when the endearing terms denoting mother have an uncombined उ, ल or क, as हे अम्बाड ! हे अम्बाल ! हे अम्बिक ! But हे अक्क and हे अल्ल where the ल and क are conjunct.
Vart:- Optionally so in the Veda: as हे अम्बाड ! or हे अम्बाडे ! हे अम्बाल ! or हे अम्बाले, हे अम्बिक ! हे अम्बिके ॥
Vart:- A feminine stem formed with the affix तल् optionally becomes short before the Vocative Singular and Vocative Singular. As देवते भक्तिः or देवतायां भक्तिः, हे देवत ! or हे देवते ॥ This shortening takes place in the Veda only.
Vart:- In a Bahuvrihi compound ending with मातृ, there is substituted मात for मातृ in the Vocative Singular when the word means a son worthy of such a mother. As हे गार्गीमात ! = मात्रा व्यवदेशमर्हति श्लाघनीयत्वाद् यः पुत्रः ॥ This debars the कप् affix of 5.4.153. The च् of मातच् makes the final acute.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.