7.3.1
देविकाशिंशपादित्यवाड्दीर्घसत्रश्रेयसामात्
Operational rule vidhi
When a तद्धित affix having an indicatory ञ् , ण् or क् follows, आ is substituted instead of वृद्धि for the first vowels of the following - 1. देविका 2. शिंशपा 3. दित्यवाट् 4. दीर्घसत्र and 5. श्रेयस.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target देविकाशिंशपादित्यवाड्दीर्घसत्रश्रेयसाम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacanaLeft context आत् pañcamī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
देविकाशिंशपादित्यवाड्दीर्घसत्रश्रेयसाम् आत्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
When a तद्धित affix having an indicatory ञ् , ण् or क् follows, आ is substituted instead of वृद्धि for the first vowels of the following - 1. देविका 2. शिंशपा 3. दित्यवाट् 4. दीर्घसत्र and 5. श्रेयस।
Thus दाविकम् (= देविकायां भवम्) in दाविकमुदकम्; दाविकाकूलाः शालयः (= देविकाकूले भवाः), पूर्वदाविकः from पूर्वदेविका 'the name of a village of the Eastern people'. Here the vriddhi of the second member ordained by 7.3.14, becomes आ ॥ Similarly शांशपचमसः (= शिंशपायाविकारः) ॥ The word belongs to the Palasadi class 4.3.141, and takes अण् or अञ्, the difference being in accent. So also शांशपास्थलाः (= शिंशपास्थले भवाः), and पूर्वशांशप from पूर्वशिंशपः 'the name of a village' See 7.3.14. Similarly दात्यौहम् from दित्यवाह्, (दित्यौह इदं) and दार्घसत्रम् (दार्घसत्रे भवं) and श्रायसम् (श्रेयसि भवं) ॥
Vart:- The Vriddhi of वहीनर under similar circumstances is with an ऐ as if व was वि, as वहीनरस्यापत्यं = वैहीनरिः ॥ Some say the original word itself is विहीनर (विहीनोनरः), and so its taddhita derivative is regular.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.