7.2.99
त्रिचतुरोः स्त्रियां तिसृचतसृ
Operational rule vidhi
The words त्रि and चतुर् are respectively converted to तिसृ and चतसृ to indicate the feminine property, when followed by a विभक्ति-प्रत्यय
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target त्रिचतुरोः ṣaṣṭhī · dvivacanaRight context स्त्रियाम् saptamī · ekavacanaWord तिसृचतसृ
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Word Case not marked in the source data.
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Full reading
त्रिचतुरोः स्त्रियाम् तिसृचतसृ
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
तिसृ is substituted for त्रि and चतसृ for चतुर् in the feminine when a case-ending follows.
Thus तिस्रः, चतस्रः, तिसृभिः, चतसृभिः ॥ Why 'in the Feminine'? Observe त्रयः, चत्वारः, त्रीणि, चत्वारि ॥ The word स्त्रियाम् qualifies त्रि and चतुर् and not the word अङ्ग 'stem' which is of course understood here. Therefore, the substitution will take place even where the anga refers to a Masculine, or a Neuter; when त्रि and चतुर् refer to a Feminine; as प्रियास्तिस्रो ब्राह्मण्योऽस्य ब्राह्मणस्य = प्रियतिस्रा ब्राह्मणः 7.1.94 प्रियतिस्रौ, प्रियतिस्रः ॥ The guna of 7.3.110 is debarred in anticipation by 7.2.100 ordaining र ॥ प्रियतिसृ ब्राह्मणकुलं, प्रियतिसृणी, प्रियतिसॄणि ॥ Similarly प्रियचतस्रा, चतस्रौ, चतस्रः, प्रियचतसृ, चतसृणी, चतसॄणि ॥ The samasanta affix कप् 5.4.153 is however not added in the above, because तिसृ &c are bahiranga substitutions. Conversely, the anga may be feminine, but if त्रि and चतुर् refer to Masculine or Neuter nouns, the substitution will not take place: as प्रियास्त्रयोऽस्याः or प्रियाणि त्रीणि वा अस्या ब्राह्मण्याः = प्रियत्रिः 'a Brahmani to whom three are beloved.' dual. प्रियत्रीः, प्रियत्रयः ॥ Similarly प्रियचत्वाः, प्रियचत्वारौ, प्रियचत्वारः ॥
Vart:- The substitution of तिसृ for त्रि takes place before the affix कन्; as तिसृका नाम ग्रामः ॥
Vart:- चतसृ has acute on the first, as च꣡तस्रः पश्य ॥ Rule 6.1.167 does not apply. But चतसृणा꣡म् according to 6.1.179: the हलादि debars the निपातन accent.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.