1.4.8
पतिः समास एव
Definition saṃjñā घिसंज्ञा
The word पति gets the term घि only when used in a समास.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Term / subject पतिः prathamā · ekavacanaIn / when saptamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable एव avyaya
- Term / subject Prathamā (1st case): the term being defined, or the subject of the statement.
- In / when Saptamī (7th case): "in X" or "when X", a domain or condition.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Full reading
पतिः एव
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The word पति is called घि only when it is in a compound.
The word pati would have been ghi by the last sutra; the present sutra is therefore a niyama rule, restricting the use of ghi in the case of pati to its occurring in composition. The word eva 'only' is used in a restrictive sense.
As पत्या by the lord but प्रजापतिना by the lord of creatures. So also पत्ये and प्रजापतये; पत्युः and प्रजापतेः, पत्यौ and प्रजापतौ &c. When पति is ghi, there is guna of the vowel before the four ङित् affixes by 7.3.111.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.