1.4.6
ङिति ह्रस्वश्च
Definition saṃjñā नदीसंज्ञा
Except for the word 'स्त्री', any other word which is eligible for getting an इयङ्-आदेश or an उवङ्-आदेश, and any ह्रस्व-इकारान्त/हस्व-उकारान्त word optionally gets the term नदी in presence of a ङित् प्रत्यय.
Word by word (padaccheda)
In / when ङिति saptamī · ekavacanaTerm / subject prathamā · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- In / when Saptamī (7th case): "in X" or "when X", a domain or condition.
- Term / subject Prathamā (1st case): the term being defined, or the subject of the statement.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
ङिति च
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
When a case-affix having an indicatory ङ् (ङित्) follows, then feminine words ending in short इ and उ are optionally termed नदी , as well as feminine nouns in long ई and ऊ which admit इयङ् and उवङ् ; but not so the word स्त्री which is always नदी।
Feminine words in long i and u have been defined as nadi, words in short vowels can never be termed nadi, while even some words in long vowels have also been excluded from the scope of the definition if they take iyan and uvan The present sutra declares an option in the case of all the above words, when a case-affix having an indicatory ङ follows.
The case-affixes having an indicatory n are the Dative, Ablative. Genitive and Locative singulars. Thus we have:--
Dative मतये or मत्यै, धेनवे or धेन्वै, श्रिये or श्रियै; Ablative and Genitive मतेः or मत्याः, धेनो or धेन्वाः, श्रियः or श्रियाः; Locative मतौ or मत्याम्, धेनौ or धेन्वां, श्रियि or श्रियां. So also भ्रुवै or भ्रुवे & c. But stri is always स्त्र्यै &c.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.