1.3.61
म्रियतेर्लुङ्लिङोश्च
Operational rule vidhi
After the verb मृ 'to die', when it has one of the affixes having an indicatory श् , as well as when it takes the affixes लुङ् (Aorist (3.2.110)) and लिङ् (Benedictive (3.3.159)), the आत्मनेपद is used.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context म्रियतेः pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context लुङ्- लिङोः saptamī · dvivacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Full reading
म्रियतेः लुङ्-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After the verb मृ 'to die', when it has one of the affixes having an indicatory श् , as well as when it takes the affixes लुङ् (Aorist 3.2.110) and लिङ् (Benedictive 3.3.159), the आत्मनेपद is used.
This is a restrictive sutra, the root मृङ् (to die), is marked with a ङ् as an indicatory letter; so by sutra 1.3.12 it would be always Atmanepadi. But the present aphorism restricts it to लुङ् lun (Aorist) and लिङ lin (Benedictive) tenses as well as to those tenses which are शित्. It will be found hereafter that out of the ten tenses, those that take शित् affixes are the special tenses, i. e., the Present, the Imperfect, the Potential and the Imperative.
It is only before these three affixes, namely, lin, lun, and sit affixes, that the root mri takes the terminations of the atmanepada. Thus the aorist अमृत amrita he died; Benedictive मृषीष्ट mrishishta 'may he die.' Similarly before sit affixes : thus म्रियते 'he dies,' = भृ + श + ते 7.4.28 रिङ् शयग्लिङ् क्षु) म्रिय + अ + ते = म्रियते 6.4.77. अचि श्नुधातुभ्रुंवां य्वोरियङुवङौ) म्रियेते, म्रियन्ते The root मृ belongs to the sixth class of verbs called Tudadi which take the vikarana श in the conjugational tenses 3.1.77.
In other tenses, viz., the two Futures, the Perfect and the conditional, this verb is parasmaipadi. As मरिष्यति he will die. अमरिष्यत्.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.