1.3.48
व्यक्तवाचां समुच्चारणे
Operational rule vidhi
After the verb वद् , the आत्मनेपद is used, when used in the sense of 'speaking articulately in a similar manner'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target व्यक्तवाचाम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacanaRight context समुच्चारणे saptamī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
व्यक्तवाचाम् समुच्चारणे
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After the verb वद् , the आत्मनेपद is used, when used in the sense of 'speaking articulately in a similar manner'.
As संप्रवदन्ते ब्राह्मणाः 'the Brahmanas are speaking.' But in संप्रवदन्ति कुक्कुटाः 'the cocks are crowing' it is properly Parasmaipadi.
The sense of the sutra is that when men, who are only capable of articulate speech, speak all in one and the same time, then the verb vad takes the affix of the Atmanepada. When lower animals make a chorus of noise, the verb does not take the Atmanepada
There must be samuchcharana for the application of this rule; when there is no samuchcharana or speaking in a chorus, this rule does not apply, as ब्राह्मणो वदति 'the Brahmana speaks.'
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.