1.3.37
कर्तृस्थे चाशरीरे कर्मणि
Operational rule vidhi
The verb 'नी' when used in the कर्तरि सकर्मकप्रयोग gets the प्रत्ययाः of आत्मनेपद, provided that the कर्मपद does not represent either the body or a part of the body of an animal.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context कर्तृस्थे saptamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyayaRight context अशरीरे saptamī · ekavacanaRight context कर्मणि saptamī · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
कर्तृस्थे च अशरीरे कर्मणि
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After the verb नी , when it governs an incorporeal object in the agent, as its object, the आत्मनेपद is used.
The verb नी is Atmanepadi when governing an object which has no material body, but is an abstract noun, that is an object which has abstract but no concrete existence; and when such an object has its seat in a portion of the agent of the verb. As क्रोधं विनयते 'he subdues his own anger,' मन्युं विनयते 'he suppresses anger.'
The word sarira means the body of living beings, any portion of such body is also called sarira.
The object must reside in the agent, (kartristha), otherwise the verb will be parasmaipadi. As देवदत्तो यज्ञदत्तस्य क्रोधं विनयति 'Devadatta removes Yajnadatta's anger.'
The object moreover must be immaterial, otherwise the affix will be of parasmaipada. As गडुं विनयति 'he removes his own wort.' घाठां विनयति 'he bows his neck.'
Why do we say 'in the case of an object ?' Witness बुद्ध्या विनयति 'he is submissive through knowledge,' प्रज्ञया विनयति. Here the verb विनयति has not taken an accusative case, but is in construction with an instrumental case, and therefore the present rule does not apply.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.