1.3.17

नेर्विशः

Operational rule vidhi

When the उपसर्ग 'नि' is attached to the verb 'विश्', it gets the प्रत्ययाः of आत्मनेपद.

Word by word (padaccheda)

Left context नेः pañcamī · ekavacanaLeft context विशः pañcamī · ekavacana
  • Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.

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Full reading

नेः विशः

Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.

Commentary

After the verb विश् 'to enter', when preceded by the preposition नि, the आत्मनेपद affixes are employed
As विशति 'he enters, but निविशते 'he enters in.'

Even when the augment अट् of the imperfect, Aorist and Conditional tenses intervenes between the root and the preposition, terminations are of the atmanepada. As न्यविशत 'he entered in.'

The नि of the sutra must be an upasarga, because that has a sense, and not any नि. On this there is this paribhasha:-अर्थवद्ग्रहणेनानर्थकस्य "a combination of letters capable of expressing a meaning denotes, whenever it is employed in grammar that combination of letters in so far as it possesses that meaning, but it does not denote the same combination of letters void of a meaning." Thus in मधुनि विशन्ति भ्रमराः 'the beetles enter the honey flowers." Here the नि is a part of the word मधुनि and has no sense by itself, and therefore the verb is in the Parasmaipada and not in the Atmanepada.

Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.

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