1.1.39

कृन्मेजन्तः

Definition saṃjñā अव्ययसंज्ञा

A word that ends in - (a) a मकारान्त कृत्-प्रत्यय, or (b) a कृत्-प्रत्यय that ends in the एच् letter - is known as 'अव्यय'.

Word by word (padaccheda)

Term / subject prathamā · ekavacanaTerm / subject म्- - अन्तः prathamā · ekavacana
  • Term / subject Prathamā (1st case): the term being defined, or the subject of the statement.

Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.

Full reading

म्- -अन्तः

Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.

Commentary

The words formed by those कृत् or primary affixes -- कृदतिङ् 3.1.93, which end with a म् or in a ए , ओ , ऐ and औ are also अव्यय or indeclinables.
All affixes for the formation of nouns are of two kinds:-1. Those by which nouns are derived directly from roots: Primary affixes. 2. Those by which nouns are derived from other nouns: Secondary affixes. The former are called krit, the latter, taddhita.

Words formed by krit affixes which end in म or ए, ओ, ऐ, or औ (connoted by the pratyahara एच्) are avyayas. Thus the affix तुम् (technically तुमुन्) and अम् (technically णमुल्, 3.3.10) are affixes which end in म्. The words formed by the addition of these affixes will be indeclinables. Thus दातुम् 'to give,' and स्मारम् 'remembering' are avyayas. So also words like जीवसे 'to live,' पिवध्यै 'to drink,' are also avyayas as they end in ए, &c.

Thus, in the following examples, the words within quotation are avyayas 'स्वादुंकारं,' 'संपन्नंकारं,' 'लवणंकारं,' भुङ्क्ते, 'he eats first having made it relishing' 3.4.26. "वक्षे" रायः ( वच् + से 3.4.9 = वक्षे ); ता 'वामेषे,' रथनामुर्वीम् गव्युतिमेषां ( इ + से = एषे. Rig _Veda V. 66.3). अस्मे शतं शरदो 'जीवसे' धा अस्मे वीराञ्छ्श्वत इंद्र शिप्रिन् (Rig _Veda III.36.10). आपः पृणीत भेषजं वरूथं तन्वे मम । ज्योक् च सूर्य्यं 'दृशे,' (Rig _Veda 1.25.21, दृश् + केन् 3.4.2 दृशे).

The word अन्त is used in this sutra for the same purpose, as it was employed in sutra 1.1.24, showing that these terminations must be 'aupadesika,' and not derivative. Therefore the following words are not avyayas:-- आधये (d, s.), आधेः (g.s.) चिकीर्षवे । चिकीर्षोः । कुम्भकारेभ्यः । नगरकारेभ्यः ॥

Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.

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