1.2.39
स्वरितात् संहितायामनुदात्तानाम्
Operational rule vidhi
The Monotony takes the place of the अनुदात्त vowels which follow the स्वरित vowels, in close proximity (संहिता).
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context संहितायाम् saptamī · ekavacanaTarget ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
संहितायाम्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The Monotony takes the place of the अनुदात्त vowels which follow the स्वरित vowels, in close proximity (संहिता).
Sanhita is the joining of two or more words in a sentence, for the purposes of reading or reciting. When words are thus glued together, then the anudatta accents become Ekasruti if they are preceded by svarita vowels; and are pronounced monotonously. As इमं मे॑ गङ्गे यमुने सरस्वती (Rig Veda X. 75.5) O Ganga, Yamuna, Sarasvsti ! this mine.
Here the word इमं has udatta on the last syallable: the word मे is originally anudatta, but by rule 8.4.66 \[1\] following an udatta, it is changed into svarita; after this svarita all anudatta like गङ्गे, &c., are replaced by ekasruti. All the vowels of the words गङ्गे, यमुने &c, had anudatta accent by rule 8.1.19 \[2\] (all vocatives get anudatta if standing in the middle of a sentence and not beginning a stanza.)
The word "sanhita" has been used in the sutra to show that when there is a hiatus between the words then there is no change of anudatta into ekasruti. The word sanhita will be defined in sutra 1.4.109 \[3\].
## Footnotes
- [1] - उदात्तादनुदात्तस्य स्वरितः
- [2] - आमन्त्रितस्य च ॥
- [3] - परः संनिकर्षः संहिता ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.