1.2.27
ऊकालोऽज्झ्रस्वदीर्घप्लुतः
Definition saṃjñā ह्रस्वसंज्ञाDefinition saṃjñā दीर्घसंज्ञाDefinition saṃjñā प्लुतसंज्ञा
Vowels are classified as ह्रस्व, दीर्घ and प्लुत based on the time taken for their pronunciation, as compared against the time of उ, ऊ and उ3 respectively.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Term / subject ऊ- कालः prathamā · ekavacanaTerm / subject prathamā · ekavacanaTerm / subject - - prathamā · ekavacana
- Term / subject Prathamā (1st case): the term being defined, or the subject of the statement.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
ऊ-
Commentary
A vowel whose time is that of short उ , ऊ and the prolated ऊ , is called respectively ह्रस्व short, दीर्घ long and प्लुत prolated.
The उ u having one matra or measure is short, having two measures is long, having three measures is pluta. This sutra defines the three kinds of vowels according to their matra. The letter ऊ u has been taken to illustrate the rule. The phrase हृस्वदीर्घप्लुतः is a Dvandva compound, in the Singular, and is exhibited in the masculine gender, contrary to the general rule 2.4.17.
The word kala means measure of time required for pronouncing a vowel.
As दधि 'curd', मधु 'honey'. Here इ and उ are short. कुमारी, गौरी, here ई is long. देवदत्ता३ अन्वास Devadatta! Here आ a is pluta or prolated.
These words are used in the following sutras: (1.2. 47); 7.4.25; 8.2.82.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.